Reprogramming factors | Supplement agents | Species | Starting cell type | Efficiency | Comments | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gata4, Hand2, Myocd, Tbx5, miR-1, miR-133, | Â | Human | Human neonatal foreskin fibroblasts (HFF), adult human cardiac fibroblasts (AHCFs) and and adult human dermal fibroblasts (AHDFs) | ~20Â % cTnT(+) cells (HFFs) 13Â % cTnT(+) cells (AHCFs) 9.5Â % cTnT(+) cells (AHDFs) | Bating after 11Â weeks (AHCFs) Using retrovirus | [29] |
Gata4, Mef2c, Tbx5, Mesp1, Myocd, Zfp42/Rex1, ESRRG | Â | Human | Human cardiac fibroblasts (HCF) | 35Â % cTnT(+) cells | Using retrovirus and lentivirus | [30] |
Gata4, Mef2c, Tbx5, Mesp1, Myocd |  | Human | Adult cardiac human fibroblasts (AHCFs) and adult dermal fibroblasts (AHDFs) | 5 % αactinin(+) and cTnT(+) cells | Beating co-cultured with mouse cardiomyocytes Using retrovirus | [31] |
Ets2, Mesp1 |  | Human | Adult dermal human fibroblasts (AHDFs) | 2.3 % αMHC(+) cells | Cells expressing the cardiac mesoderm marker KDR(+) using lentivirus | [32] |
Gata4, Mef2c, Tbx5, Mesp1, Myocd, miR-133 | Â | Human | Human cardiac fibroblasts (HCFs) | 23~27Â % cTNT(+) cells | Using retrovirus | [21] |
Gata4, Mef2c, Tbx5, Hand2 | Add supplement agents (BMP4, activin A, FGF2, IWR1) | Human | Adult human dermal human fibroblasts (AHDFs) | Â | Cardiac progenitor cells (?) Using retrovirus | [33] |
(−) | 9 compounds (9C; CHIR99021, A83-01, BIX01294, SC1, Y27632, OAC2, SU16F, and JNJ10198409) | Human | Human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) Human fetal lung fibroblasts (HLFs) | 6.6 ± 0.4 % of cTNT(+) cells | Chemical reprogramming | [34] |