From: A review of current status of cell-based therapies for aortic aneurysms
Cell source | Cells | Species | Model | Delivery | Outcome | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BM-MSCs | 1 × 106 | Mouse | Angiotensin II | IV | AAA diameter ↓ IL-6 and MCP-1 ↓ MMP-2 and -9 ↓ M1 macrophages infiltration ↓ IGF-1 and TIMP-2 ↑ Preserved elastin structure | |
BM-MSCs or VSMCs | 1 × 106 | Guinea pig | Xenograft rat model | Catheter | AAA expansion ↓ MMP-9 ↓ Macrophages infiltration ↓ BM-MSCs had more powerfully than VSMCs | [39] |
Male or female BM-MSCs | 3 × 106 | Mouse | Elastase | IV | In female MSCs AAA growth ↓ TNF-α, IL-1β, and MCP-1 ↓ Female MSCs most strongly attenuated AAA growth | [40] |
AD-MSCs | 4 × 106 | Rat | CaCl2 | Carotid artery injected | Elastin expression in SMCs ↑ Reconstruction of elastic fiber | [41] |
Muse cells | 2 × 104 | Mouse | CaCl2 and elastase | IV | AAA dilation ↓ Preserved elastic fibers Spontaneous differentiation into ECs and SMCs | [42] |
SPCs | 1 × 107 | Rabbit | CaCl2 and elastase | Subadventitially injected | In LOX gene-modified SPCs AAA progression ↓ MMP-2 and -9 ↓ Preserved elastin structure | [43] |
UC-MSCs | 1 × 106 | Mouse | Elastase | IV | AAA formation ↓ HMGB1 and IL-17 ↓ MMP2 and MMP9 ↓ | [44] |
AD-MSCs | 1 × 106 | Mouse | Elastase | IV | AAA expansion ↓ Aortic site CD206+ M2 macrophages ↑ Tregs ↑ CD4+CD28− T cells ↓ CD8+CD28+ T cells ↓ Ly6G/C+ neutrophils ↓ Circulating CD115+CXCR1−LY6C+ activated monocytes ↓ | [43] |
UC-MSCs | 1 × 106 | Rat | Elastase | IV | AAA expansion ↓ Elastin degradation ↓ MMPs, TNF-α ↓ Preserved and/or restored VSMC contractile phenotype | [45] |
Allogeneic BM-MSCs | 1 × 106 | Mouse | Angiotensin II | IV | Aortic diameter ↓ MMP-2 and -9, IL-6, MCP-1 ↓ M1 macrophages infiltration ↓ IGF-1, TIMP-2 ↑ Preserved elastin structure | [46] |
UC-MSCs | 1 × 106 | Mouse | Elastase | IV | TAA formation and expansion ↓ Infiltration of macrophages, T cells, neutrophils ↓ miRNA-10a, -29b, 24 ↑ CXCL-13/BCA-1, CXCL12, CXCL10, CCL5, and IL27 ↓ IL-10 ↑ | [44] |
VSMCs or iPSC-SMP | 5 × 105 | Mouse | Elastase | Porous collagen scaffolds | In the SMC-seeded scaffold group AAA expansion ↓ In both the SMC- and iPSC-SMP-seeded scaffold groups SMC retention ↑ Macrophage invasion ↓ | [47] |
AD-MSCs | 1 × 106 | Pig | Collagenase and elastase | Gel foam | AAA dilation ↓ Collagen and elastin ↑ α-SMA ↑ VEGF, TIMP1, and MMP3 ↑ | [48] |
M2 macrophages differentiated from J774A.1 cell line | 1 × 106 | Mouse | Angiotensin II | IP | Aneurysmal expansion ↓ M1/M2 ratio ↓ IL-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1 ↓ IL-4 and IL-10 ↑ Elastin degradation ↓ Injected cells maintained the M2 phenotype throughout 28 days | [49] |