Fig. 2
From: Pathophysiological functions of semaphorins in the sympathetic nervous system
Cardiac sympathetic regulation by semaphorins. A Semaphorin signaling regulates cardiac innervation in combination with other neural cues and growth factors. B The SEMA3A–PLXNA4 repulsive interaction controls axon trajectory of the STG neurons. C SEMA3A maintains normal cardiac sympathetic innervation and functions. Both overexpression and deletion of SEMA3A induce abnormal sympathetic nerve innervation and lethal arrhythmias. D After MI, SEMA3A protects against ventricular arrhythmias by reducing sympathetic hyper-reinnervation. This image was created with BioRender (https://biorender.com/)