Fig. 8

Immunohistological analysis using an antibody against CD31 to detect angiogenesis. A Images in the bone-regenerating sites 4 weeks after the surgery to prepare mandible bone defect. Images were merged with those of each serial section after nuclear staining with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (4 × objective, scale bar = 500 µm). B: bone. B, C Images of the bone edge by magnifying the square areas in (A) (20 × objective, scale bar = 100 µm). In the groups receiving VEGF mRNA (VEGF and Runx2 + VEGF), CD31-positive signals were widely observed in the defect area. D Quantification of CD31 positive area in 20 × objective using Image J software. Data were expressed as mean ± S.E.M., and analyzed by one-way ANOVA (post hoc test: Tukey's multiple comparison test), n = 3/group. The symbols “*, **, ^#, ^##, ^δ, ^δδ” indicate the significant differences similarly as in Fig. 2