Fig. 5

The anti-fibrosis effects of Pd-MSCs-EVs on liver organoids. A The workflow of TGF-β1 and Pd-MSCs-EVs administration in liver organoids. B Live/dead staining was conducted in liver organoids following TGF-β1 administration. C The effects of Pd-MSCs-EVs on the growth status of liver organoids were detected by 3D viability assay. D Following the treatment of Pd-MSCs-EVs, the secretion of albumin, IL-1β, TNF-α, and Pro-collagen of liver organoids was detected by ELISA. E The mRNA expression of ALB, ACAT2, COL1A1, and COL3A1 was detected by RT-qPCR. F Immunofluorescence of collagen I and α-SMA detected by confocal microscopy. G semi-quantitative analysis of collagen I staining intensity in F. H Semi-quantitative analysis of α-SMA staining intensity in F. I The H&E staining and collagen I and α-SMA immunohistochemical staining of liver organoids treated with TGF-β and Pd-MSCs-EVs. J Semi-quantitative analysis of collagen I immunohistochemical staining intensity in I. K Semi-quantitative analysis of α-SMA immunohistochemical staining intensity in I. TGF-β1, transformation growth factor- beta; ALB, albumin; α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin. Bar scale, 50 μm. **P < 0.01