Fig. 4

Verification of the difference in the therapeutic effect of different doses of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). Eight weeks after the CCl4 injection, PBS (vehicle) and sEVs collected by ultracentrifugation (5, 10, or 15 μg/mouse) were injected into the tail vein. Serum and liver fibrosis analyses were performed 4 weeks after injection. A Serum levels of albumin (ALB), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin (T-Bil). B Sirius Red staining of liver tissues. Scale bar, 500 μm. C Calculation of Sirius Red staining area and D quantification of hydroxyproline levels. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM; n = 6 per experiment. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001, Mann‒Whitney U analysis