Fig. 2

Generation of iPSC-derived astrocytes. a Induction method for the differentiation of astrocytes from iPSCs. b RT-qPCR analysis of astrocyte markers (S100β, GFAP, CD44) compared between the original iPSCs (n = 3) and the induced astrocytes (n = 3) (three independent differentiations). Bars, mean ± SEM. S100β: ***p = 0.0004; GFAP: **p = 0.0033; CD44: *p = 0.0208 (Unpaired t-test). c Representative bright-field image of iPSC-derived astrocytes. Scale bar; 100 μm. d Immunocytochemistry images of iPSC-derived astrocytes (GFAP, EAAT1, EAAT2, S100β, and CD44). Scale bar; 100 μm. e Relative proportion of S100β and CD44 expression compared to Hoechst of the differentiated astrocytes (n = 4) (four independent differentiations). Bars, mean ± SEM. f Glutamate reuptake assay for iPSC-derived astrocytes measured at zero, one, two, and four hours after adding 150 mg/L L-Glutamate (n = 3). Bars, mean ± SEM. *p = 0.0433 (Dunnett’s test following a Two-way ANOVA)