Versatile extracellular vesicle-mediated information transfer: intercellular synchronization of differentiation and of cellular phenotypes, and future perspectives

Table 1 Instances where cells receiving EVs acquire phenotypes similar to those of the donor cells

Donor cells	Recipient cells	Effects	References
PKA-ESCs (Fast-differentiating ESCs)	Control-ESCs (Slow-differentiating ESCs)	Promotion of differentiation and catching up to the same stage of differentiation as PKA-ESCs	[53]
		Potent commitment to the mesodermal lineage, similar to PKA-ESCs	[53]
Differentiated NSPCs	NSPCs	Neural differentiation	[55]
Neural cells	MSCs	Induction of neuron-like morphology	[56]
Corneal epithelial cells	Conjunctival epithelial cells	Increase in marker levels of corneal epithelial cells	[57]
Conjunctival epithelial cells	Corneal epithelial cells	Increase in marker levels of conjunctival epithelial cells	[57]
Hair papilla cells	Adipose-derived stem cells	Induction of hair papilla-like characteristics	[58]
Macrophages	Naive monocytes	Macrophage differentiation	[59]
ESCs	Muller cells	De-differentiation	[60]
Cardiomyocytes	MSCs	Induction of cardiac gene expressions	[61]
ESCs differentiating into cardiomyocytes	Fibroblasts	Supporting cardiac differentiation	[62]

ISSN: 1880-8190