Fig. 1
From: Inflammatory predisposition predicts disease phenotypes in muscular dystrophy
Function of interleukin (IL)-10 as an important immunomodulator that could regulate Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) pathogenesis. In a dystrophic muscle, the inflammatory macrophage producing IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-16, RANTES, M-CSF, MIG, JE/MCP-1, and TIMP-1 is regulated by IL-10. IL-10 might be an important immune-modulator in dystrophic muscles, because IL-10 ablation in mdx mice causes an increase in inflammation, muscle necrosis, and fibrosis