Table 1 List of FGFs and their various functions

FGF1/2

FGF1

Paracrine

Patterning of optical vesicle

[36]

FGF2

Paracrine

Neuronal, skeletal, vascular tone; heart repair

[37,38,39]

FGF4/5/6

FGF4

Paracrine

Proliferation of inner cell mass

[40]

FGF5

Paracrine

Hair growth cycle regulator

[41]

FGF6

Paracrine

Regulation of muscle regeneration

[42]

FGF3/7/10/22

FGF3

Paracrine

Inner ear formation, regulation of tooth morphogenesis

[43, 44]

FGF7

Paracrine

Modulation of hair growth, kidney development

[45, 46]

FGF10

Paracrine

Regulator of development of many organs such as brain, limb, lung, pancreas

[47, 48]

FGF22

Paracrine

Presynaptic organization in brain development, hair development

[49, 50]

FGF9/16/20

FGF9

Paracrine

Lung development, maintenance of stemness in nephrons, bone repair, mammalian sex determination

[51,52,53]

FGF16

Paracrine

Heart development

[54]

FGF20

Paracrine

Inner ear development, maintenance of stemness in nephrons

[52, 55]

FGF8/17/18

FGF8

Paracrine

Development of brain, limbs, cardiovascular system, craniofacial region

[56,57,58,59]

FGF17

Paracrine

Brain development

[60]

FGF18

Paracrine

Bone and cartilage development, lung development

[22, 61]

FGF11/12/13/14

FGF11

Intracrine

Signalling functions during tooth development

[62]

FGF12

Intracrine

Unclear

FGF13

Intracrine

Signaling functions during tooth development

[62]

FGF14

Intracrine

Regulation of neurotransmission of motor functions

[63]

FGF15/19/21/23

FGF15/19

Endocrine

Regulates hepatic glucose metabolism

[64]

FGF21

Endocrine

Lipid metabolism regulator

[65]

FGF23

Endocrine

Phosphate and vitamin D metabolism

[66]