Role of fibroblast growth factors in bone regeneration

Table 3 Application of different FGFs in critical-sized bone defect in vivo models

Growth factor	Dose	In vivo model	Carrier	Investigations	Effect	References
FGF2	5 ng	Mouse calvarial defect (3.5-mm diameter)	Col-HA/PEG hydrogel	Micro CT and histology of bone	Enhanced bone regeneration	[34]
BMP2	2 μg	Mouse calvarial defect (3.5-mm diameter)	Col-HA/PEG hydrogel	Micro CT and histology of bone	Enhanced bone regeneration	[34]
FGF2	10 ng, 100 μg, and 1 μg	Rat mandibular defect (5-mm diameter)	Collagen sponge	Radiological and histological examination	Promotes osteogenesis	[75]
FGF2	200 μg	Beagle dog periodontal defect (6 × 5 mm: vertical × horizontal)	β-TCP	Bone histomorphometry	Enhances formation of new bone and cementum	[76]
FGF18	0.5 μg	Mouse calvaria (3-mm diameter)	CHPOA/hydrogel	Micro CT assessment of bone	Synergistically enhanced new bone formation	[28]
BMP2	0.5 μg	Mouse calvaria (3-mm diameter)	CHPOA/hydrogel	Micro CT assessment of bone	Synergistically enhanced new bone formation	[28]
FGF2 or FGF9 or FGF18	250 ng (P7 mice) or 2.5 μg (P60 mice)	Mouse calvaria defect (2-mm diameter)	Collagen sponge	Micro CT assessment of bone	All FGF ligands promote healing rate in P7 mice. Only FGF18 promotes healing rate in P60 mice	[20]

The table shows the various growth factors and their combinations used for regeneration of critical-sized defects, their dose, the site of application, the carrier used for the application, and the investigations through which the effects of bone healing have been studied

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