Table 2 Application of MSC seeded onto different types of scaffolds into patients with damaged articular cartilage

BM-MSC in type I collagen gel

1; M (31)

12

Hyaline-like cartilage

[49]

BM-MSC within type I collagen gel on a collagen scaffold seeded on PLA scaffold

3; 2 M, 1F (32–45)

18

Coverage of chondral defect

[73]

BMDC suspended in collagen or seeded on HA scaffold

48; 27 M, 21F (28 ± 9)

24–35

Coverage of chondral defect and hypertrophic cartilage

[57]

BMDC seeded on HA scaffold supplemented with platelet-rich fibrin

20; 12 M, 8F (28 ± 9)

29 ± 4

Proteoglycan and type II collagen

[58]

BMDC seeded on HA scaffold supplemented with platelet-rich fibrin

81; 47 M, 34F (30 ± 8)

59 ± 26

Hyaline-like cartilage

[74]

BM-MSC within platelet-rich fibrin glue

5; 4 M, 1F (25)

12

Coverage of chondral defect

[75]

BM-MSC covered by periosteum

72; 38 M, 34F (44 ± 11)

24

Aggrecan and type II collagen

[76]

BMDC with batroxobin covered by type I/III collagen matrix

15; 10 M, 5F (48)

24–38

Coverage of chondral defect

[77]

BM-MSC seeded on type I collagen scaffold supplemented with fibrin glue

2; 2 M (24–25)

30–31

Partial coverage of chondral defect

[78]

Peripheral blood-derived MSC with HA

5; 1 M, 4F (39 ± 11)

10–26

Partial coverage of chondral defect

[79]

BMDC within fibrin glue and coverage with collagen and collagen membrane

1; M; 37 yrs

24

Partial coverage of chondral defect

[80]

BMDC in fibrin glue and coverage with a PGA + HA membrane

9; 5 M, 4F (48 ± 9)

20–24

Hyaline-like cartilage

[81]

BMDC in collagen/platelet paste or seeded on HA or seeded on HA scaffold supplemented with platelet gel

49; 27 M, 22F (28 ± 9)

48

Coverage of chondral defect in 45%

[59]

Peripheral blood-derived MSC and HA

49; 17 M, 32F (37 ± 7)

24

Partial coverage of chondral defect

[18]