Fig. 2

iBALT is induced under conditions of chronic allergic inflammation in both mice and humans. a The intra-nasal administration of the antigen resulted in iBALT formation in the lungs of mice. b iBALT included memory Th2 cells, MHC-class ll⁺ cells, B220⁺ cells, CD11c⁺ cells, VCAM1⁺ cells, and CD21⁺ cells. c The memory Th2 cells showed greater accumulation in the lymphoid areas than in the non-lymphoid areas. d Memory Th2 cells in the lung produced more Th2 cytokines compared to those from memory Th2 cells in the spleen. e IL-7-producing cells and Ly5.1⁺ memory Th2 cells were detected in mice iBALT. f Ectopic lymphoid structures were generated in the polyps of patients with ECRS. g Podoplanin-positive lymphatics were increased in the polyps of patients with ECRS. (Shinoda et al. PNAS(2016) Copyright (2016) National Academy of Sciences). KJ: OVA-specific T cell receptor