Table 2 The roles of MDSCs in individual organs

Lung

Asthma

Mouse (HDM)

CD11b⁺Gr1^intF4/80⁺

Suppression of Th2 cell reactivation

[16]

Human

CD11b⁺CD14⁺CD16⁻HLA-DR⁻ (BAL)

NA

[19]

COPD

Human

Lineage⁻HLA-DR⁻CD33⁺CD11b⁺ (peripheral blood)

NA

[20]

Collagen type 1⁺CD45^dimCD34⁻CD1⁻CD15⁺ (lung, peripheral blood)

NA

[21]

Interstitial lung disease

Mouse (SKG)

CD11b⁺Gr1⁺ (lung)

Suppression of T cell proliferation

[22]

Lung fibrosis

Mouse (silica)

CD11b⁺Ly6C⁺CCR2⁺ (lung)

Suppression of T cell proliferation, promotion of lung fibrosis by producing TGF-β1

[23]

Pulmonary hypertension

Human

CD11b⁺CD33⁺MHC-II⁻ (peripheral blood)

NA

[24]

Joint

Rheumatoid arthritis model

Mouse (PGIA)

CD11b⁺Ly6G^hiLy6C^int/lo (synovial fluid)

Suppression of DC maturation and T cell proliferation

[27]

Mouse (CIA)

CD11b⁺Gr1⁺ (spleen)

Suppression of T cell proliferation and Th17 cell differentiation, amelioration of arthritis

[28,29,30]

Mouse (SKG)

CD11b⁺Gr1⁺ (spleen, BM)

Suppression of T cell proliferation, amelioration of arthritis

[31]

Rheumatoid arthritis

Human

CD11b⁺CD33⁺HLA-DR^lo/−CD14⁻CD15⁺ (synovial fluid)

NA

[33]

Liver

Immune-mediated hepatitis

Mouse (TGFb1−/−)

CD11b⁺Ly6G^loLy6C^hi

Suppression of CD4⁺ T cell proliferation

[42, 43]

Mouse (Con A)

CD11b⁺Ly6G⁺Ly6C^lo

Fulminant hepatitis

Mouse (D-Gal/LPS)

CD11b⁺Ly6G^loLy6C^hi

Suppression of CD4⁺ T cell proliferation and cytokine production

[44]

CD11b⁺Ly6G^hiLy6C^int

Liver fibrosis

Mouse (carbon tetrachloride)

CD11b⁺Ly6G⁻Ly6C^hiF4/80⁺

Amelioration of fibrosis through inhibition of hepatic stellate cells

[45]

CD11b⁺Ly6G⁺Ly6C^loF4/80⁻

Mouse (bile duct ligation)

CD11b⁺Ly6C⁺

[46]

HCV hepatitis

Human

CD11b⁺ HLA-DR^lo CD33⁺ CD14⁺

Inhibition of T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production

[40, 41]

CD11b^+/lo HLA-DR^lo/− CD33⁺ CD14⁺

Kidney

AKI

Mouse (ischemia-reperfusion)

CD11b⁺Ly-6G⁺Ly-6C^low (kidney)

Attenuation of AKI via suppression of T cell infiltration, downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines

[50]

FSGS

Mouse (doxorubicin)

CD11b⁺Gr1⁺ (peripheral blood, BM, spleen, kidney-draining lymph nodes, and kidney)

Attenuation of renal injury via inducing regulatory T cells

[51]

Human

CD11b⁺HLA-DR⁻CD14⁻CD15⁺ (peripheral blood)

Suppression of T cell proliferation

[51]

Kidney fibrosis

Mouse (adenine-enriched diet)

CD11b⁺Ly6G⁺ (kidney)

Suppression of T cell proliferation and kidney fibrosis

[46]

Intestine

IBD

Mouse (VILLIN-hemagglutinin)

CD11b⁺Gr1⁺ (spleen, intestine)

Suppression of CD8⁺ T cell proliferation via NO production

[54]

Mouse (TNBS)

CD11b⁺Ly-6G⁺Ly-6C^lo (BM)

Attenuation of colitis via suppression of MPO activity and serum IL-6 levels

[55]

Mouse (DSS)

CD11b⁺Gr1⁺ (spleen, BM)

Attenuation of colitis via suppression macrophages in the lamina propria

[56]

Human

CD14⁺HLA-DR^−/lo (peripheral blood)

Suppression of PBMC proliferation and IFN-γ production

[54]

CNS

Multiple sclerosis

Mouse (EAE)

CD11b⁺Ly-6C^hi (peripheral blood, BM, spleen, and CNS)

Suppression of CD4 and CD8 T cell proliferation via NO production, Enhancement of T cell apoptosis and attenuation of EAE

[61]

Mouse (EAE)

CD11b⁺Ly6G⁺ (peripheral lymphoid compartment, CNS)

Attenuation of EAE via inhibition of encephalitogenic Th1 and Th17 immune responses.

[63]

Human

HLA-DR^−/loCD14⁻CD33⁺CD15⁺ (peripheral blood)

Suppression of autologous CD4⁺ T cell activation and proliferation

[63]

Eye

Spinal cord injury (SCI)

Mouse

CD11b⁺Ly6C⁺Ly6G⁻ (spinal cord)

Promoting the repair process after SCI

[64]

Stroke

Mouse

CD11b⁺Ly6C⁺MHC-II^lo (spleen)

Suppression of T cell proliferation

[65]

Human

CD11b⁺CD33⁺HLA-DR⁻ (peripheral blood)

NA

[65]

Uveoretinitis

Mouse (EAU)

CD11b⁺Ly6G⁻Ly6C⁺ (peripheral blood, spleen, retina)

Suppression of T cell proliferation, attenuating uveoretinitis

[67, 68]

Human (posterior uveitis)

HLA-DR⁻CD11b⁺CD33⁺

NA

[68]

CD14⁺ (peripheral blood)