Table 1 Cardiac differentiation protocols
From: Toward the realization of cardiac regenerative medicine using pluripotent stem cells
Publication | Differentiation method | Media | Coating matrix | Mesoderm induction | Cardiac specification | Differentiation efficiency |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kehat et al. [4] | EB formation | KO DMEM + 20%FBS | Gelatin | NA | NA | 8.1% beating EBs |
Laflamme et al. [5] | Monolayer | RPMI1640 + B27 | Matrigel | Activin A, BMP4 | NA | > 30%β-MHC(+)CMs |
Yang et al. [6] | EB formation | Stempro34 | Gelatin | Activin A, BMP4, bFGF | VEGF, DKK1, bFGF | 40–50% TNNT(+)CMs |
Tran et al. [7] | EB formation | KO DMEM + 15%FBS | Gelatin | WNT3A | NA | EB formation 10-folds increase (vs control) |
Elliot et al. [8] | EB formation or monolayer | LI-APEL | Matrigel | Activin A, BMP4, bFGF, VEGF, SCF, WNT3A | NA | EB:38% Nkx2.5(+) cells Monolayer:24% Nkx2.5(+) cells |
Kattman et al. [9] | EB formation | Stempro34 | NA | Activin A, BMP4, bFGF | VEGF, DKK1, TGFβi, BMPi | > 60% TNNT(+)CMs |
Zhang et al. [10] | Monolayer | RPMI1640 + B27 | Gelatin | Activin A, BMP4, bFGF | NOGGIN, RA/RAi, DKK1 | RA:50.7% ± 1.7% RAi:64.7% ± 0.9% |
Willems et al. [11] | EB formation | Stempro34 | Gelatin | Activin A, BMP4, bFGF | bFGF, IWR-1, triiodothyronine | 30%MYH6(+)CMs |
Zhang et al. [12] | Monolayer (matrix sandwich) | RPMI1640 + B27 insulin(−) | Matrigel | Activin A, BMP4, bFGF | NA | 40–92% TNNT(+)CMs |
Lian et al. [13] | Monolayer | RPMI1640B27 insulin(−) | Matrigel or Synthemax | CHIR99021 | IWP2 | 85%TNNT(+)CMs |
Burridge et al. [14] | Monolayer | CDM3 | Vitronectin | CHIR99021 | Wnt-C59 | 80–95% TNNT(+)CMs |
Devalla et al. [15] | EB formation | BPEL | Gelatin | Activin A, BMP4, CHIR99021, SCF, VEGF | RA | 50%Nkx2.5(+)cells |
Protze et al. [16] | EB formation | Stempro34 | NA | Activin A, BMP4, bFGF | IWP2, VEGF, BMP4, RA, bFGFi, TGFβi | 5%Nkx2.5(+)cells 55%Nkx2.5(−)SANLPCs |
Tohyama et al. [17] | Monolayer (multilayer plates) | RPMI1640 + B27 insulin(−) | Fibronectin or type1 collagen | CHIR99021, BMP4 | IWR-1 | 80%TNNT(+)CMs |