Fig. 2
From: Critical roles of super-enhancers in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases
Novel mechanisms for activation and formation of SEs. a eRNAs bind to Med1, BRD4, and IDRs, and then form SEs via liquid phase separation. Disease-susceptible SNPs may affect phase-separated structure by altered structure of eRNAs. When SE dysregulation is caused, expression patterns of target genes may be altered. b SE alone forms loop with multiple promoters, and then regulates expression of target gene cluster. When disease-susceptible SNPs affect formation of chromatin loop, expression profile of target gene cluster may be altered. eRNA enhancer RNA, MED1 mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 1, BRD4 bromodomain-containing protein 4, IDRs intrinsically disordered regions, N.D. not determined, SNP single nucleotide polymorphism, SE super-enhancer, FHC fetal human cells