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Table 2 Involvement of super-enhancer in autoimmune diseases

From: Critical roles of super-enhancers in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases

Autoimmune diseases

Affected cell types

SE/eRNA related to diseases

Genes regulated by SE/eRNA

Function

Ref.

Rheumatoid arthritis

CD4+T cells

BACH2 SE

IFN-g

Immune response

[41]

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis

CD4+ memory

CTLA4 SE

CTLA4

Preserve self-tolerance

[52]

Effector T cells

CXCR4 SE

CXCR4

Cell infiltration

[52]

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Monocytes

Enhancer 1/2

ADAMDEC1

Maintenance of inflammation?

[53]

PBMCs

PDCD1 SE

PDCD1

Preserve self-tolerance

[54]

Multiple sclerosis

THP-1 cells

VDR SE

USP2

Proinflammatory cytokine production

[55]

DENND6B

Cytokine production during inflammation

[55]

Inflammatory bowel disease

CD14+ cells

IFNG-R-49

N.D.

IL22 gene regulation

[56]

Vitiligo

Monocyte

HLA class II SE

HLA-DR, -DQ

N.D.

[57]

PBMCs

HLA class II SE

HLA-DR, -DQ

IL-1b and IFN-g production

[57]

Autoimmune uveitis

Th1 cells

T-bet SE/eRNA

IFNg etc.

Cell invasion

[58]

  1. THP-1 human monocytic leukemia cell line, PBMCs peripheral blood mononuclear cells, SE super-enhancer, eRNA enhancer RNA, BACH2 BTB and CNC homology 2, VDR vitamin D receptor, CTLA cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen, CXCR CXC chemokine receptor, IFNG-R interferon gamma-receptor, HLA human leukocyte antigen, USP ubiquitin-specific protease, DENND6B DENN domain-containing 6B, ADAMDEC1 ADAM-like decysin-1, N.D. not determined