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Table 1 The top 10 causes of death

From: Global health landscape challenges triggered by COVID-19

Ranking

2000 (World)

2016a

For referenceb

World

High-income countries

Upper-middle income countries

Lower-middle income countries

Low-income countries

Japan (2018)

Japan (1950)

1

Ischemic heart disease

Ischemic heart disease

Ischemic heart disease

Ischemic heart disease

Ischemic heart disease

Lower respiratory infections

Malignant neoplasms

Tuberculosis

2

Stroke

Stroke

Stroke

Stroke

Stroke

Diarrheal diseases

Heart diseases

Cerebrovascular diseases

3

Lower respiratory infections

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Alzheimer disease and other dementias

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Lower respiratory infections

Ischemic heart disease

Senility

Pneumonia or bronchitis

4

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Lower respiratory infections

Trachea, brochus, lung cancers

Trachea, brochus, lung cancers

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

HIV/AIDS

Cerebrovascular diseases

Gastroenteritis

5

Diarrheal diseases

Alzheimer disease other dementias

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Alzheimer disease and other dementias

Tuberculosis

Stroke

Pneumonia

Malignant neoplasms

6

Tuberculosis

Trachea, brochus, lung cancers

Lower respiratory infections

Lower respiratory infections

Diarrheal diseases

Malaria

Accidents

Senility

7

HIV/AIDS

Diabetes mellitus

Colon and rectum cancers

Diabetes mellitus

Diabetes mellitus

Tuberculosis

Aspiration pneumonia

Heart diseases

8

Preterm birth complications

Road injury

Diabetes mellitus

Road injury

Preterm birth complications

Preterm birth complications

Renal failure

Other neonatal-specific diseases

9

Trachea, brochus, lung cancers

Diarrheal diseases

Kidney diseases

Liver cancer

Liver Cirrhosis

Birth asphyxia and birth trauma

Vascular/unspecified dementia

Accident

10

Road injury

Tuberculosis

Breast cancer

Stomach cancer

Road injury

Road injury

Suicide

Nephritis or nephrosis

PopulationC

6.09 billion

7.46 billion

1.24 billion

2.59 billion

2.91 billion

0.73 billion

0.126 billion

0.083 billion

Population%

 

100.0%

16.6%

34.7%

38.9%

9.8%

1.7%

3.3%

  1. aWHO: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-death
  2. bMinistry of Health, Labour and Welfare: https://www.mhlw.go.jp/toukei/saikin/hw/jinkou/geppo/nengai18/dl/gaikyou30.pdf
  3. cUN: https://population.un.org/wpp/DataQuery/