Fig. 1From: Recent progress in pancreatic islet cell therapyDirected differentiation of PSCs into pancreatic beta cells. a The schematic diagram of directed differentiation into pancreatic beta cells using PSCs. PSCs are directed through 5 stages; each stage utilizes the inhibition (↓) or activation (↑) of various signaling pathways. Genes specifically expressed at each stage are shown. b Genes expressed in various cell groups revealed from scRNA-seq analysis. PSCs pluripotent stem cells, DE definitive endoderm, PG primitive gut tube, PP pancreatic progenitor, EP endocrine progenitor, EC endocrine cell, SHH sonic hedgehog, FGFs fibroblast growth factors, BMP bone morphogenic protein, RA retinoic acid, PKC protein kinase C, NA Nicotinamide, NAC N-acetyl-cysteine, Alk5i transforming growth factor-beta receptor inhibitor, T3 thyroid hormoneBack to article page