Fig. 3
From: Cardiac regeneration by direct reprogramming in this decade and beyond
Age-related inflammation and fibrosis are barriers to direct cardiac reprogramming [29]. With aging, fibroblasts activate the COX-2/PGE2/EP4/IL-1β/IL-1R1 pathway. These signaling pathways suppress myocardial induction via expression of fibrosis-related genes (left and middle panels). Diclofenac promotes myocardial induction by suppressing this pathway (right panel)