Fig. 2From: Pathogenesis and management of gastrointestinal inflammation and fibrosis: from inflammatory bowel diseases to endoscopic surgeryPathophysiology of GI fibrosis. Crohn’s disease activates innate and adaptive immunity because of genetic abnormalities and the intestinal microflora. Endoscopic treatment activates innate immune cells through thermal injury, exposure to digestive fluid, and submucosal injection, which are strong triggers for ECM-producing cells that cause GI strictureBack to article page