Fig. 6

TA induces autophagy and exhibits a neuroprotective effect in C. elegans. A Representative images of BC12921 worms with GFP representing the expression of p62. Magnification, × 10; scale bar: 200 μm. The bar chart indicates the relative GFP intensity (n = 10). B The bar chart indicates the relative mRNA expression of p62 in worms (n = 10). C Representative images of DA2123 worms with GFP::LGG-1 puncta. Magnification, × 20; scale bar: 100 μm. Inset images displayed a higher magnification of the image in the dashed rectangle. The bar chart indicates the number of GFP::LGG-1 puncta in worms (n = 10). The results were pooled from three independent experiments. The full image of worms is presented in Additional file 1: Fig. S24. D The bar chart indicates the slowing rate of the N2 and BR5275 worms treated with or without TA (20 μM) (n = 60). E Representative images of CL2331 worms with GFP representing the amount of Aβ deposits. Magnification, × 10; scale bar: 200 μm. The bar chart indicates the number of Aβ deposits in the anterior area of worms (n = 10). F Representative images of CL4176 worms treated with TA (20 μM) in the presence or absence of unc-51 RNAi, bec-1 RNAi, or vps-34 RNAi bacteria were captured, and red arrows indicated the paralyzed worms. Magnification, × 10; scale bar: 200 μm. The bar chart indicates the percentage of paralyzed worms (n = 60). Error bars, S.D. **p ≤ 0.01; ***p ≤ 0.001. (One-way ANOVA with Tukey-corrected post hoc t-tests for multiple comparisons was applied for comparison between groups)