Fig. 8

TA inhibits the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome might via the AMPK/ULK1- and Raf/MEK/ERK-mediated autophagy in APP/PS1 mice. A The Western blotting detection of the protein expressions of LC3, NLRP3, caspase 1, and IL-1β in the brain tissues of NC and APP/PS1 mice. The bar chart indicates the ratios of LC3-II/β-actin, NLRP3/β-actin, caspase-1 (p10)/Pro, and IL-1β (p17)/Pro. B Representative immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining images showing the expressions of NLRP3, TREM2, GFAP, LC3, and CD45 in the hippocampus of NC and APP/PS1 mice. Magnification: × 20; scale bar: 100 μm. Bar charts indicate the quantifications of NLRP3 expression, and the cells with TREM2⁺/DAPI⁺, GFAP⁺/DAPI⁺, and LC3⁺, CD45⁺, and the colocalization of LC3⁺ with CD45⁺ (n = 4). C The Western blotting detection of the protein expressions of p-AMPK, AMPK, p-ULK1(555), ULK1, p-RAF, RAF, p-MEK, MEK, p-ERK, ERK, and β-actin in the brain tissues of NC and APP/PS1 mice. The bar chart indicates the ratios of p-AMPK/AMPK, p-ULK1(555)/ULK1, p-RAF/RAF, p-MEK/MEK, p-ERK/ERK. Error bars, S.D., *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001. The full-length blots are presented in Additional file 1: Fig. S26