From: Extracellular vesicles in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: pathogenesis and therapeutics
EV subgroup | Size (nm) | Formation | Markers |
---|---|---|---|
Exosome (small EV) | 30–150 | Fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane | ESCRT-associated proteins (Tetraspanins, ALIX, and TSG101) |
Microvesicle (medium/large EV) | 50–1000 | Direct budding and cleavage of the plasma membrane | Cytoskeletal and plasma membrane proteins (origin cell-specific markers) |
Apoptotic body (large EV) | >1000 | Cytoplasmic fragmentation during programmed cell death | Proteins associated with the Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus, and other cellular organelles. |