Table 2 Extracellular vesicle-based therapeutics for pulmonary fibrosis models

BM-MSCs

BLM

i.v

Alveolar macrophages

Unknown (modulation of monocyte phenotypes)

[50]

BM-MSCs

BLM

i.v

Lung fibroblasts

miR-29b-3p

[51]

BM-MSCs

BLM

i.v

Lung fibroblasts

miR-186

[52]

UC-MSCs

BLM

i.v

Alveolar epithelial cells, lung fibroblasts

miR-21-5p and -23-3p

[53]

UC-MSCs

silica

i.v

Lung fibroblasts

Unknown

[54]

Endometrial stem cells

BLM

i.v

Alveolar epithelial cells

let-7

[55]

Engineered dermal fibroblasts

BLM

i.t

Alveolar macrophages, lung fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells

miRNAs with anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic functions

[56]

Bronchial epithelial cells

BLM

i.t

Lung fibroblasts, alveolar epithelial cells

miR-16, miR-26a, miR-26b, miR-141, miR-148a, and miR-200a

[10]

Lung spheroid cells

BLM/silica

i.h

Unknown

miR-30a, miR-99a, miR-100, and let-7

[11]