Fig. 1
From: Therapy-resistant nature of cancer stem cells in view of iron metabolism
Iron metabolism in cancer stem cells (CSCs) and non-CSCs. CSCs and non-CSCs differently express proteins implicated in iron trafficking. CSCs possess an augmented accumulation of intracellular iron and iron-dependent maintenance and expansion via ROS and epigenetic reprogramming, resulting in therapy resistance. Moreover, compared to non-CSCs, CSCs possess nature resistance of rendering them sensitive to ferroptosis. ALDH, aldehyde dehydrogenase; CD44v, CD44 variant isoform; Cys, cystine; DMT1, divalent metal transporter 1; TF, transferrin; TFR1, transferrin receptor 1; FPN1, ferroportin 1; GPX4, glutathione peroxidase 4; IRP1/2, iron regulatory protein 1/2; NRF2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; ROS, reactive oxygen species; System Xc-, cystine/glutamic acid transporter; STEAP3, six epithelial transmembrane antigensof the prostate 3