Fig. 1

TGF-β induces EMT in oral cancer cells. HSC-4 cells were stimulated without (Ctrl) or with 3 ng/ml TGF-β for 72 h. a–e Total RNA was analyzed by qRT-PCR using each specific primers for TMEPAI (a), E-cadherin (b), claudin-1 (c), vimentin (d), or SM22α (e). Data represent fold changes relative to β-actin. f Confocal images for the expression of E-cadherin and vimentin in HSC-4 cells. Cells were fixed and stained with anti-E-cadherin (green), anti-vimentin (magenta), and Hoechst33342 (nuclei: blue). Scale bars, 50 μm. g Quantification of vimentin-positive cells. All data are represented as the mean ± SD from three independent experiments. ****P < 0.0001 by two-tailed Student’s t-test