Fig. 5

Increased level of MACROH2A1, especially MACROH2A1.2 in response to Toll-like receptor 7 ligand and IFN-gamma. a Immunoblot analysis of PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells after treatment with 1 μg /mL R848 with or without 1 μg/mL IFN-gamma for 48 h. med; with no stimulation. The images were cropped from the original full-length blot images in Supplementary Fig. 10c-g. The data are representative of 2 independent experiments. b In response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, immune response including TLR signaling and cytokine secretion such as INF-gamma enhances expression of MACROH2A1 in monocytes. Subsequently, MACROH2A1 is secreted in circulating exosomes, which are more abundant in severely ill patients with COVID-19 than in those who are not