Fig. 4

Expression of FXIII-A is upregulated by interleukin-4 and interleukin-6 in monocyte-derived macrophages. A, C, E, F F13A1 expression levels were measured using  RT-qPCR. A Cultured monocyte-derived macrophages (M0) were activated [with or without interleukin (IL)-6] with human interferon (IFN)-γ/Lipopolysaccharides (M1), IL-4 [M2(IL-4)], and IL-10 [M2(IL-10)] for another 24 h (n = 3). B FXIII-A proteins were assayed using Western blotting. Cultured macrophages were stimulated with IL-4, IL-6, and IL-4 + IL-6. Western blotting images were cropped to improve the conciseness of the data. C The expression level of F13A1. Cultured macrophages were stimulated with or without IL-4, with or without IL-6, and with or without the addition of an anti-IL-6R antibody (n = 3). D Luciferase assay for F13A1 promoter region. Reporter plasmids were transfected into HEK293T cells, and then, cells were stimulated by IL-6 + sIL-6Rα. E Expression levels of F13A1. Cultured macrophages were transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) control or siRNA against STAT1 and stimulated with IL-6 (n = 3). F Expression levels of F13A1. CD14-positive synovial cells resembling residual macrophages are stimulated by IL-6 (n = 3). A, B–F Data are presented as mean ± SEM, t test