Skip to main content
Fig. 3 | Inflammation and Regeneration

Fig. 3

From: Bone regeneration in inflammation with aging and cell-based immunomodulatory therapy

Fig. 3

Future therapy for bone regeneration by modulating inflammation. Several methodologies can enhance the immunomodulatory and bone regenerative properties of MSCs. Preconditioning MSCs with pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17A, IL-6) can affect MSCs’ secretory profile and osteogenic ability. MSCs cultured under hypoxic conditions increase osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Immunomodulation by resolving inflammation via local delivery of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-13) is also a potential therapy for bone regeneration in inflammaging. Scaffolds containing anti-inflammatory cytokines and MSCs can resolve inflammation and enhance bone formation. Genetically modified MSCs that secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines suppress chronic inflammation and facilitate bone regeneration. MSC exosomes improve bone regeneration by increasing osteogenic differentiation, and angiogenesis

Back to article page