Table 1 Purification of dental pulp stem/progenitor cells (DPSCs) and stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs)

Shi et al. [24]

2003

Human DPSCs

3 mg/ml collagenase type I, 4 mg/ml dispase

STRO-1⁺ (MACS)

Odontogenic/osteogenic cells

Production of osteodentin-like structures and fibrous connective tissues

Laino et al. [27]

2006

Human DPSCs/SHEDs

3 mg/ml collagenase type I, 4 mg/ml dispase

c-Kit⁺CD34⁺STRO-1⁺CD45⁻ (FACS)

Osteogenic cells

High positivity for CD44, RUNX2, and osteocalcin

Iohara et al. [31]

2006

Human, bovine, canine, and porcine DPSCs

–

Hoechst 33342 (FACS)

Odontogenic, chondrogenic, adipogenic, and neurogenic cells

SP cells are enriched for stem cell properties and useful for cell therapy with BMP2 to regenerate dentin

Yang et al. [25]

2007

Rat DPSCs

–

STRO-1⁺ (FACS)

Odontogenic, neurogenic, adipogenic, myogenic, and chondrogenic cells

STRO-1 selection obtains a more homogeneous cell population with a multilineage differentiation capacity

Honda et al. [30]

2007

Human DPSCs

–

Hoechst 33342 (FACS)

Odontogenic cells

SP cells expressing ABCG2 in human adult dental pulp that differentiate into odontoblast-like cells

Waddington et al. [39]

2009

Rat DPSCs

4 mg/ml collagenase, 4 mg/ml dispase

LNGFR (MACS)

Osteogenic, adipogenic, \and chondrogenic cells

LNGFR⁺ DPSCs express CD105 and Notch 2

Ricco et al. [87]

2010

Human DPSCs

3 mg/ml collagenase type I, 4 mg/ml dispase

CD34⁺c-Kit⁺STRO-1⁺ (MACS)

Osteogenic cells

CD34⁺c-Kit⁺STRO-1⁺ DPSCs produce mineralized matrix in 2D and 3D cultures

Iohara et al. [33]

2011

Dog DPSCs

–

CD105 (FACS)

Odontogenic/osteogenic, adipogenic, angiogenic, and neurogenic cells

Transplantation of CD105⁺ DPSCs with SDF-1 completely regenerates dental pulp in a pulpectomy model

Mikami et al. [38]

2011

Human SHEDs

2 mg/ml collagenase type I

CD271⁺CD90⁺CD44 (FACS)

Osteogenic, adipogenic, chondrogenic, and myogenic cells

LNGFR positivity inhibits the differentiation of DPSCs into osteogenic, adipogenic, chondrogenic, and myogenic lineages

Hosoya et al. [58]

2012

Rat DPSCs

2 mg/ml collagenase, 0.25% trypsin

THY-1^High+ (FACS)

Osteogenic cells

Hard tissue formation upon subcutaneous transplantation of THY-1⁺ cells

Kawanabe et al. [37]

2015

Human SHEDs

5 mg/ml collagenase type II, 2.5 mg/ml dispase I

SSEA-4⁺ (FACS)

Osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic cells

SSEA-4⁺ SHEDs have a multilineage potential.

Yasui et al. [50]

2016

Human DPSCs

2 mg/ml collagenase, 4 mg/ml dispase

LNGFR^Low+THY-1^High+ (FACS)

Osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic cells

LNGFR^Low+THY-1^High+ DPSCs promote osteogenic differentiation.