Fig. 4

Hippo pathway-mediated intercellular communications in regeneration. In the intestine, revival stem cells are infrequent under normal conditions; however, they undergo YAP-dependent expansion to facilitate intestinal regeneration in response to injury. During intestinal organoid development from a single cell, YAP activation exhibits heterogeneity within intestinal spheres. This heterogeneity is essential for the activation of Notch–Dll1, thereby promoting the formation of Paneth cells. In a normal liver, biliary epithelial cells (BECs) exhibit significant diversity in YAP activity, illustrating the dynamic cellular state and plasticity of BECs during homeostasis. In the event of liver injury, YAP-active BECs increase in response to bile acids, which is crucial for BEC survival and plays a pivotal role in reprogramming hepatocytes into biliary progenitors for the regenerative response