Table 1 Main axes involved in trafficking to skin and gut during health and disease
From: Immune cell trafficking: a novel perspective on the gut-skin axis
| Â | Skin | Gut | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chemokine pathways | Adhesion pathways | Â | Chemokine pathways | Adhesion pathways | |
Increased during inflammation | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
|  | CCR2–CCL2 [108] CCR4–CCL17/CCL22 [109] CCR5–CCL5 CCR6–CCL20 CCR8–CCL18 CCR10–CCL27 ?–CCL28 [110] CXCR2–CXCL1 CXCR3–CXCL9/CXCL10/CXCL11 [113, 114] CXCR4–CXCL12 CXCR5–CXCL13 CXCR6–CXCL16 [114] CX3CR1–CX3CL1 | CLA–E selectin/P selectin CD44–E selectin [115] CD44–hyaluronan L-selectin–PNAd α4β1–VCAM-1 [116] αLβ2–ICAM-1 [117] αMβ2–ICAM-2 PECAM-1 (CD31) GPR15–GPR15L | Small intestine | CCR2–CCL2/7/8 CCR6–CCL20 CXCR3–CXCL9/10/11 CCR5–CCL3/4/5/8 CX3CR1–CX3CL1 | α4β7/L-selectin–MAdCAM-1 α4β1–VCAM-1 αLβ2–ICAM-1 VAP-1 E-selectin L-selectin–PNAd PSGL-1–P-selectin |
Colon | CCR2–CCL2/7/8 CCR3–CCL11 CCR4–CCL17 CCR6–CCL20 CCR9–CCL25 CXCR1–CXCL5/6/8 CXCR2–CXCL1/2/5/6/8 CXCR3–CXCL9/10/11 | α4β7–MAdCAM-1 [118] L-selectin–PNAd E-selectin | |||
Constitutive expression | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
|  | CCR4–CCL17 [119]/CCL22 [119,120,121] CCR8–CCL1 [124] CCR10–CCL27 [125] | CD103–E-cadherin CD69 E selectin [72] | Small intestine | CCR6–CCL20 CCR9–CCL25 CXCR1–CXCL5/6/8 CXCR2–CXCL1/2/5/6 CXCR6–CXCL16 CX3CR1–CX3CL1 CXCR5–BCA-1 (CXCL13) | α4β7–MadCAM-1 |
Colon | CCR5–CCL3/4/5/8 CCR6–CCL20 CCR10–CCL28 CX3CR1–CX3CL1 GPR15–GPR15L CXCR5–BCA-1 (CXCL13) | α4β7–MadCAM-1 CD103–E-cadherin | |||