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Fig. 4 | Inflammation and Regeneration

Fig. 4

From: Central nervous system regeneration: the roles of glial cells in the potential molecular mechanism underlying remyelination

Fig. 4

Roles of microglia in remyelination. Microglia promote remyelination to facilitate OPC proliferation and differentiation for myelin formation by the following three mechanisms: (1) myelin debris phagocytosis (via CX3CR1 and RXR-γ receptors). (2) Secretion of regenerative factors such as growth factors, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor AA (PDGF-AA); cytokines, interleukins-1β and 4 (IL-1β, IL-4), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), activin A; chemokine, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12); and others, including neuropilin-1, galectin-3, semaphorin 3F, osteopontin-M, and iron. (3) Modulation of the extracellular matrix by secretion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and TGM2

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Inflammation and Regeneration

ISSN: 1880-8190

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